Geriatric Pets and Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome

Cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is similar to the dog and cat equivalent of Alzheimer’s disease.  The brain gradually degenerates, leading to abnormal behaviours that reflect declining cognitive function. It is typically seen in pets 9 years and older. Signs of CDS come into a few core categories: Disorientation, Abnormal Interactions, Sleep/wake cycle disturbances, House soiling, Activity changes, Anxiety, and Learning/memory.

In dogs signs could include: wandering, anxiety, confusion, not recognizing familiar people, restlessness and vocalization at night, unusual sleep patterns, having accidents inside the house, and less interest in playing or socialisation.

In cats, signs could include: decreased willingness to jump up/down (or to higher heights), reduced agility, uncoordinated walking, accidents outside of litter tray, increased fear, reluctance to interact, reduced time grooming, sleeping more, crying for no reason, forgetfulness, and not wanting to be left alone.

Diagnosis is typically made based on history, physical exam, and ruling out other causes of cognitive and aging-related changes in elderly pets.

Treatment: there is no direct cure or treatment for CDS.  Diet/dietary supplements (such as Aktivait) rich in anti-oxidants and medium-chain triglycerides (a type of fat) are supportive of brain health and function.  There is also a medication (Vivitonin), which helps to increase blood flow to the brain, and can improve cognitive function for some patients.